English free essay sample

The generative grammars, which appeared as a reaction against descriptive linguistics, have confirmed that the task of any grammar is to limit the scope of investigation of language data to sentences which are con-sidered well-formed. Everything that fails to meet this requirement should be excluded from linguistics. But language studies cannot avoid subjecting to observation any language data whatever, so where grammar refuses to tread stylistics steps in. Stylistics has acquired its own status with its own inventory of tools (SDs and EMs), with its own object of investigation and with its own methods of research. The stylistics of a highly developed language like English or Rus-sian has brought into the science of language a separate body of media, thus widening the range of observation of phenomena in language. The significance of this branch of linguistics can hardly be over-estimated. A number of events in the development of stylistics must be mentioned here as landmarks. On the other hand, since trading agreements essentially create one large market, member companies may find that they face increased competition within the block. For companies outside a trading block, particularly those that have had a strong trading relationship with a member country, trade agreements can be devastating. Companies may find that they face high tariff and nontariff barriers that prevent them from exporting to the companies within a trade bloc. This situation may lead firms to invest in a member country and essentially become an insider. 2) Ethnic ties; old colonial alliances, and shared languages appear to affect international trade. Why might this be so? If true, how does this affect international businesses and global business policies, especially which markets to enter? They affect international business because they may provide the basis from which a nation emerged. For example, although the United States, a former colony of Great Britain, declared its independence years ago, it still shares with its former ruler the same language, cultural heritage, and many beliefs about issues such as democratic rule. These ties with Britain have helped to shape the United States into the country it is today. For American companies, this relationship is beneficial because not only do American companies have easy access to the British market, and British firms to the American market, but they may also find it easier to enter other markets where for example, English is the spoken language. In addition, if the countries in question have maintained strong ties, it is likely that they will share enemy countries, a factor that could further impact the strategy of an international firm. 3) What is the impact of vigorous enforcement of intellectual property rights on the world economy? Who gains and who loses from strict enforcement of these laws? -Intellectual property rights could play a significant role in encouraging innovation, product development, and technical change. Developing countries tend to have IPRS systems that favor information diffusion through low-cost imitation of foreign products and technologies. Inadequate IPRS could stifle technical change even at low levels of economic development. While strengthening IPRS bears potential for enhancing growth and development in the proper circumstances, it might also raise difficult economic and social costs. Developing economies could experience net welfare losses in the short run because many of the costs of protection could emerge earlier than the dynamic benefits discussed above. (4) After careful study of closing case, respond to case question 3, page 81, which states the price of oil has risen substantially since the contract was signed between the Kazakh government and the consortium of oil companies developing the Kashagan field. Is it appropriate for the Kazakh government to demand that the terms of the contract be renegotiated in light of the higher market price of oil? If you were a member of the consortium, would you be willing to let the contract be renegotiated? Yes, if I were looking from the Kazakh government side a renegotiation would be a priority in order to maximize profit. If I were looking from consortium, then no.